Academy of Pediatrics. The paper analyzes the complete scientific groundlessness of such prohibitions and lists the relevant studies that prove the fluidity of sexual orientation in adolescence . As the high growth rates of homosexual attraction occur spontaneously , it is quite logical and reasonable to conclude that many adolescents to seek therapy change sexual orientation that really succeeded.
A universal ban on conversion therapy is one of the goals of the LGBT associations around the world with the introduction of compulsory homosexual propaganda in primary and secondary schools and even kindergartens . Their stories about just wanting to tolerance and acceptance of all the less convincing . As revenge Croatian citizens as a referendum on marriage convincingly voted for marriage between a man and woman Milanka Opacic announced the first prosinca 2013th that will most likely of the next school year that health education in this school year was a pilot project to become a regular subject . Should not the Minister who leads the domain of social policy and youth primary concern should be the protection of children's rights , not the implementation of the objectives of the LGBT association ? .
Would not homosexual teenagers should be given a chance to change ?
Author : Michelle A. Cretel
Posted : 17th February of 2014.
14th February of 2014. ( MercatorNet ) - 2013. the State of California and New Jersey have enacted laws that prohibit psychiatric experts to provide services change sexual orientation ( Soca) minors . Massachusetts , Pennsylvania , Ohio , New York , Minnesota and Maryland are considering introducing similar legislation . However , recently this bill failed in parliament, the State of Virginia , while the suspension occurred in California law because the opponents of the law complained to the Supreme Court of the United States .
It should be clear that the current debate refers to whether to ban voluntary ( not forced ) SOCE treatment by specialists provide minors who suffer because of their unwanted homosexual feelings . Support ban is based on four arguments . First, it is argued that sexual orientation is fixed and innate personality trait . Second, some argue that homosexual attraction to adolescent permanent. Third, it is argued that homosexual behavior carries no any health risks compared to heterosexual behavior , and finally the fourth , according to scientific studies have shown the universal harm of SOCE therapy . None of these claims , however , has not been scientifically established .
Homosexuality is not innate
Identical twins have exactly the same genetic material as well as in utero exposed to the same hormonal environment . That homosexuality is genetic , such as race or only certain hormonal environment in the womb , all identical ( monozygotic ) twins would then have the same sexual orientation in 100 percent of cases . Instead, more than 20 percent of the cases it happens that both twins gay . [ 1 ] Dr. Francis Collins , former head of the Human Genome Project , is best formulated when he wrote that sexual orientation " is not tightly written in our DNA , and about whatever genes that depends , it is not something that is pre- determined , but only about predispositions . " [ 2 ]
The American Psychiatric Association recognizes that " [i ] ma people who believe that sexual orientation is innate and immutable , however , sexual orientation is something that develops throughout a person's life . " [ 3 ] psychodynamic and social- cognitive theories of homosexuality never killed . There is strong scientific evidence that some people parental and societal influences , and that includes a childhood trauma , can contribute to same-sex attraction. [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] Such adolescents have the right to treatment for their trauma and do not deserve further trauma by giving them the legislator grants fake sexual identity .
During adolescence homosexual attraction is more fluid than fixed
Adolescence is well known as a period of sexual fluidity and instability, especially when it comes to same-sex attractions . 2007th The Savin - Williams and Ream conducted a comprehensive longitudinal study that documented the many major changes in the attractiveness of respondents aged between 16 and 17 years that have had to wonder whether even the concept of sexual orientation has any meaning at adolescenatakoji felt same-sex attractions . 75 percent of adolescents who have experienced first homosexual attraction between the ages of 17-21 years have changed and subsequently experienced exclusively heterosexual attraction . [ 6 ] These results were in sharp contrast with the stability that they found in adolescents who felt heterosexual attraction . Among these adolescents , even 98 percent is retained exclusively heterosexual attraction in adulthood . [ 7 ] Another study has shown that there is a significant departure from the same-sex attractiveness in adolescence included examination of the 13,840 young people . Of those who initially were " unsure " about their sexual orientation , 66 percent of them had become exclusively heterosexual . [ 8 ]
No study has not examined the success rate of SOCE therapy in adolescents . However , if such a high rate of change of homosexual attraction occur spontaneously , it is perfectly logical and reasonable to conclude that many adolescents who sought therapy to change sexual orientation that really succeeded.
Homo / bi - sexual conduct carries major health risks
There are many reasons why the adolescents , especially men , who suffer from unwanted homosexual attraction sought therapy . According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control , over a period of 2006.-2009. The largest growth rate of diagnosed HIV infections were in males aged 13-24 years who had sex with men , more than in all other groups . [ 9 ] Among male adolescents aged 13-24 years , about 91 percent of all diagnosed HIV infections are caused by male- male sexual contact . [ 10 ] This is what is receptive anal intercourse 20 times riskier than receptive vaginal intercourse . [ 11 ]
Moreover , compared to heterosexual youth , neheteroseksualna youth is at risk ( median 76 percent for bisexuals , 63.8 percent for homosexuals ) from infecting other sexually transmitted diseases because of the enjoyment of nicotine, alcohol and drugs and behavioral tendencies that lead to violence , depression and suicide . [ 12 ]
There is no scientific proof of identification SOCE therapy
There is no therapy that is harmful . For all types of psychotherapy for treating various mental conditions and diseases there is an incredibly high percentage , which indicates that the situation in 14-24 percent of children worsens during psychotherapy . [ 13 ] There is not one study that proves that SOCE therapy causes damage greater than or equal this baseline . [ 14 ] A study cited as " proof " of universal damage caused by SOCE therapy is a study of the 2002nd was conducted by Shida and Schroeder though the authors themselves have never claimed such a thing . Instead, they stated : " [ The study ] does not provide information on the incidence and rate of failure , success , damage or violation of ethical principles In conversion or reparative therapy [ ie SOCE therapy ] . " [ 15 ] However , there are a number of studies of people who have had positive experiences and results with SOCE therapy . [ 16 ] , [ 17 ] , [ 18 ] , [ 19 ]
conclusion
The opponents SOCE therapies have no scientific basis . Therefore, the American Association of Pediatrics and the National Association for Research and Treatment of Homosexuality insist that adolescents retain their right to choose SOCE therapy , with full informed consent , which will be carried out by experts in the field.
The author is a doctor Michelle Cretel , vice president of the American College of Pediatricians who chairs the Committee on adolescent sexuality . It is also a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A fully referenced version of this article was published on the website of the American Association of Pediatrics.
references
[ 1 ] Collins , F. " The Language of God : A Scientist provides evidence for belief " ( The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief ) New York . Free Press . 2007 ( p.260 ) .
[ 2 ] Ibid p.263 .
[ 3 ] American Psychiatric Association Brochure is available at the following link: http://www.psychiatry.org/mental-health/people/lgbt-sexual-orientation [ last data access 13th February of 2014. ] .
[ 4 ] Roberts al. Glymour MM . , Koenen KC . " Does child abuse to sexual orientation in adulthood ? " ( Does maltreatment in childhood affect sexual orientation in adulthood ? ) Arch Sex Behav . 2013 Feb ; 42 ( 2 ) :161 - 71st doi : 10.1007/s10508-012-0021-9 . Epub 2012 Sep 14th
[ 5 ] Alanko , K. , Santitila , R. , Sato , B. , Jem , P. , Johansson , A. , et al . (2011 ) . "Testing a causal model of the links between atypical sexual behavior and the relationship between the child and the parents " ( Testing causal models of the relationship betwen childhood gender- atypical behavior and parent-child relationship) British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 29 , 214-233 . doi : 10.1348/2044-835X.002004
[ 6 ] Savin - Williams , RC and Ream , GL (2007 ) , " Prevalence and stability of sexual orientation components during adolescence and early youth " ( Prevalence and Stability of Sexual Orientation Components During Adolescence and Young Adulthood ) Archives of Sexual Behavior , 36 , 385-394 .
[ 7 ] Ibid
[ 8 ] Ott , MQ , Corliss , HL , et . al . (2011 ) , " Stability and change in the self-proclaimed sexual orientation and identity among youth : Applying Metrics mobility " ( Stability and Change in Self - Reported Sexual Orientation Identity in Young People : Application of Mobility Metrics ) , Archives of Sexual Behavior , June , 40 ( 30 ) : 519-532 . Published online 2010 October 2nd doi : 10.1007/s10508-010-9691-3
[ 9 ] http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/sexualbehaviors/pdf/hiv_factsheet_ymsm.pdf [ last data access 12th February of 2014. ] .
[ 10 ] Ibid
[ 11 ] Grossman , M. (2009 ) " What do you teach my child ? " (You're Teaching My Child What ? ) Regnery Publishing , Inc. . Washington , DC , p . 87
[ 12 ] Kann , L. , Olsen , E. , et al " Sexual identity , sexual contacts by gender and health risk behaviors among high school students - Overview of risky behavior among young people , bookmarks , United States " ( Sexual Identity , Sex of Sexual Contacts , and Health -Risk Behaviors Among Students in Grades 9-12 - Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance , Selected Sites , United States , 2001-2009. ) MMWR / June 6 , 2011/Vol . 60
[ 13 ] Lambert (2011 ) . "Research on psychotherapy and its effects " ( Psychotherapy research and its achievements ) In JC Norcross , G. R. VandenBos , & D. K. Freedheim ( eds ) , History of psychotherapy: Continuity and change ( 2nd ed . , Pp . 299-332 ) .
[ 13 ] Lambert (2011 ) . "Research on psychotherapy and its effects " ( Psychotherapy research and its achievements ) In JC Norcross , G. R. VandenBos , & D. K. Freedheim ( eds ) , History of psychotherapy: Continuity and change ( 2nd ed . , Pp . 299-332 ) .
[ 14 ] Rosik , C. " completely lack scientific foundation ban conversion therapy to minors " ( The ( Complete ) Lack of a Scientific Basis for Banning - Sexual Orientation Change Efforts with Minors ) available at the link: http://www.narth . com / # ! narth-analysis-of-soce-ban/c1q8f [ accessed February 13 , 2014 ] .
[ 15 ] Shida , A. , & Schroeder , M. (2002 ) . "Changing sexual orientation : Report of patients " ( Changing sexual orientation : A consumers ' report) Professional Psychology : Research and Practice , 33 ( 3 ) , 249-259 .
[ 16 ] Santero , P. , N. Whitehead , Ballasteros , ( 2014 ) " The Effects of Changes after therapy in men in the United States with unwanted same-sex attractiveness " (Change Effects in U.S. Men with Unwanted Same- Sex Attraction after Therapy ) Psychological Reports ( in process ; personal communication w / Dr. Whitehead February 3 , 2014 ) .
[ 17 ] Karten , EY and Wade , JC (2010 ) . " Attempts to change sexual orientation in men : a customer perspective " ( Sexual Orientation Change Efforts in Men : A Client Perspective . " Journal of Women 's Studies ) 18 , 84-102 .
[ 18 ] Spitzer , R. L. (2003 ) . " Can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation ? 200 respondents testify to the change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation " ( Can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation ? 200 participants reporting a change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation ) Oct 32 ( 5 ) :403 - 17 ; discussion 419-72 .
[ 19 ] Nicolosi , J. , Byrd , A. D. , Potts , R. W. (2000 ) . " Retrospective testimony of patients on changes of homosexual orientation : Testing of consumers conversion therapy " ( Retrospective self -reports of Changes in Homosexual Orientation : A Consumer Survey of Conversion Therapy Clients ) Psychological Reports , 86 , 1071-1088 .
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